Which company primarily operates and maintains the IPDS?

The correct choice emphasizes that the Petroleum Pipeline and Terminal Operating Company is primarily responsible for operating and maintaining the Integrated Petroleum Distribution System (IPDS). This company focuses on the critical functions of managing and distributing petroleum in a military context, which involves the infrastructure needed to ensure a reliable fuel supply for operations. The IPDS is a vital system for logistics, ensuring that fuel is delivered efficiently and effectively where it is needed, which directly supports combat operations.

Other options represent different types of logistical or support companies but do not specifically align with the core mission of operating and maintaining the IPDS. For instance, the Transportation Medium Truck Company would focus on ground transportation logistics, while the Logistics Support Company deals more broadly with various logistical support elements. The Petroleum Distribution Battalion also plays a role in the distribution of petroleum but may not directly operate the specialized systems or infrastructure like the Petroleum Pipeline and Terminal Operating Company does. Understanding the specific responsibilities of each unit type clarifies why the Petroleum Pipeline and Terminal Operating Company is the key entity in relation to the IPDS.